A Pattern of Islands: the Neolithic monuments of north- west Brittany

نویسنده

  • Chris Scarre
چکیده

Coastal distributions such as that of the Neolithic chambered tombs of Brittany raise important questions about prehistoric beliefs and understandings relating to sea and shoreline. Concepts of liminality come particularly to the fore where headlands and islands are selected as places for the disposal of human remains. The density of chambered tombs recorded by Du Châtellier on the islands of the Molène archipelago, with its rocks, inlets and small islands exposed and covered by the tides, provides a prominent example of this coastal emphasis. The analysis presented here includes assessment of the reliability of the Du Châtellier inventory and of the topographic changes resulting from sea-level rise. It is argued that the dramatic transformative effect of the tides on the shallow waters of this archipelago will have enhanced the liminality of the setting and may have endowed the islands with special mythological or symbolic associations that may explain the density of the monuments. Ethnographic accounts of coastal beliefs from North America and northern Europe provide additional indications of the likely symbolic importance of such shoreline settings for Breton Neolithic communities. La répartition littorale des monuments funéraires néolithiques de Bretagne soulève des questions essentielles quant aux croyances préhistoriques relatives à la mer et au rivage marin. Le concept de liminalité est plus particulièrement pertinent lorsque des promontoires ou des îles ont été choisies pour le dépôt de restes humaines. La densité relativement importante de chambres funéraires qu‘a remarquée Du Châtellier sur les îles de l‘archipel de Molène, avec ses rochers, ses anses et ses petites îles découvertes et recouvertes par les marées, en constitue l'un des exemples parmi les plus impressionants. La présente étude comprend une évaluation de la fiabilité de l‘inventaire publiée par Du Châtellier. Elle prend en compte également les modifications du trait de côte entrainées par la montée du niveau de la mer. Nous proposons ici une hypothèse selon laquelle l'importance des changements induits par des marées de forte amplitude dans les eaux peu profondes de cet archipel a dû magnifier le caractère liminal de cet endroit ; ce faisant, elle a pu suggérer aux populations de ces îles des associations mythologiques ou symboliques qui nous permettent d‘expliquer sa haute densité en monuments néolithiques. Les récits ethnographiques qui nous parlent des croyances des sociétés

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تاریخ انتشار 2014